Nature and causation of disease
Disease or dis - ease
Aetiology
endogenous - arising within the organism
exogenous - originating outside the organism
Endogenous
Dominant
Recessive
Autosomal
Sex-linked
Mutations
Polygenetic
Chromosomal
Congenital
disorders
Deficiency
Teratogenic
Infections
Rhesus incompatibility
Exogenous disease
Mechanical
causes
temperature
radiation
atmospheric pressure
electricity
Chemical
causes
Effects may be local or systemic
Acids and alkalines
Heavy metals
Air pollution
Water/food pollution
Special areas of body, eg eye,
mouth
Medicines as poisons
Intoxication
Auto-intoxication, eg renal
failure
Malnutrition
shortage
surplus
unbalanced diet
combinations of these factors
Biological
causes
Diseases caused by pathogenic micro-organisms
bacteria
fungi
virus
protozoa
mycoplasm
metazoans
prions
Allergy and
hypersensivity
Antigen - antibody reaction
Allergens may take many forms
Asthma
Local allergy
Systemic allergy
Autoimmunity
A specific body tissue is attacked by the immune system
Myasthenia gravis
Rheumatoid disease
Neoplasm
An abnormal (new) mass of tissue
A tumour
Cancer is a malignant neoplasm
Tumours may be benign
Causes of
cancer;
ionising radiation
carcinogenic chemicals
oncogenic viruses
oncogenes
Degenerative
causes
Wear and tear
Accumulation of unwanted material
Vascular disease
Psychiatric
problems
Functional
Organic
May be psychotic or neurotic
Psychosomatic disorders.
Interaction of factors in terms of the
whole person.
Terms
aetiology
aneurysm
arterialsclerosis
atherosclorosis
carcinogenic
embolism
haematemesis
haematuria
iatrogenic
inflammation
infarction
ischaemia
multifactorial aetiology
necrosis
pathogenic micro-organism
pathogenesis
sclerosis
shock
thrombosis
Identify aetiological factors for the
following diseases.
Pneumonia
Haemophilia
Blue-green colour blindness
Sickle cell anaemia
Pernicious anaemia
Down`s syndrome
Chronic obstructive airway disease
Malignant melanoma
Obesity
Amphetamine psychosis
Intermittent Claudication
Cerebral thrombosis
Myocardial infarction
Athlete`s foot (tinea
pedus)
Amoebic dysentery
Acute alcohol poisoning
Acute renal failure
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Schizophrenia
Anaphylactic shock
Spina bifida
Hepatic sclerosis
Scurvy
Asthma
Breast cancer
Peptic ulceration
Diabetes mellitus