Huntington`s Disease

 

Aetiology

Autosomal dominant - distal short arm of chromosome 4

Occurs worldwide, 5 in 100 000

 

Pathology

Cerebral atrophy

Loss of small neurones in caudate and putamen

Imaging shows atrophy of the caudate nucleus

Cerebral chemical abnormalities, e.g. lack of acetylcholine in the striatum, lack of GABA in the substantia nigra

 

Chorea

Jerky, quasi-purposive, may be fidgety

 

Clinical features

Features usually present in mid life

Progressive chorea and dementia in middle life

Death occurs in 10 – 20 years

 

Many patients have already had children

 

Treatment

Symptomatic only